A Level Physics Practice Exam

What type of analysis can be performed using a spectrometer?

1. Mechanical analysis of materials

2. Kinematic analysis of motions

3. Chemical analysis

4. Thermal analysis

The correct answer is: Chemical analysis

A spectrometer is primarily designed to analyze the interaction of light with matter, which makes it particularly useful for chemical analysis. This instrument measures how much light is absorbed, emitted, or scattered by a sample at different wavelengths, allowing for the identification and quantification of various chemical substances. In chemical analysis, the spectrum obtained from the sample can reveal the presence of specific elements or compounds based on their unique spectral signatures. For instance, in techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, the data gathered can indicate molecular structures, functional groups, and concentrations of substances within a mixture. While mechanical analysis focuses on the properties and behaviors of materials under forces, kinematic analysis examines the motion of objects, and thermal analysis deals with the study of materials as they change temperature, these areas do not utilize the fundamental principles of light interaction that are central to the functioning of a spectrometer. Thus, chemical analysis is the most relevant application of a spectrometer.