A Level Physics Practice Exam

Which term describes the process of creating ions?

1. Ionization

2. Condensation

3. Excitation

4. Assimilation

The correct answer is: Ionization

The process of creating ions is referred to as ionization. This process occurs when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons, resulting in the formation of charged particles, known as ions. Ionization can happen in various ways, such as through the absorption of energy from heat, light, or electric fields, which provides sufficient energy to overcome the binding forces holding the electrons in the atom. Ionization is crucial in many areas of physics and chemistry, including understanding chemical reactions, the behavior of gases, and the principles of plasma physics. For instance, when an atom is ionized, it may become a positively charged ion (cation) if it loses electrons or a negatively charged ion (anion) if it gains electrons. The other terms have distinct meanings and do not pertain to the creation of ions. Condensation refers to the process of a substance transitioning from a gas to a liquid. Excitation involves an atom or molecule absorbing energy, causing its electrons to move to a higher energy level but not necessarily resulting in ionization. Assimilation typically relates to the process by which living organisms absorb and utilize nutrients or substances.